Reversible voltage losses and recovery in automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems

Authored by

P. Arnold, S. Kirsch, R. Hanke-Rauschenbach

Abstract

Reversible voltage losses (RVLs) in automotive proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems significantly impact system performance, particularly during extended operation. While initial RVLs stem from adaptation of stack inlet conditions, platinum oxide (PtOx) formation and carbon monoxide (CO) contamination dominate performance decline beyond 20 s of operation and intensify with extended hold times. Though these phenomena are well-documented individually, their combined effects and mitigation in dynamic automotive applications remain unexplored. We analyze RVL behavior under both stationary and dynamic load conditions, developing targeted recovery procedures that prevent performance degradation without compromising system durability or hydrogen efficiency. Our findings establish practical recovery strategies and provide a guideline for automotive PEMFC systems, advancing their commercial viability through enhanced reliability and consistent power output.

Details

Organisation(s): Institute of Electric Power Systems
External Organisation(s): Volkswagen Group Innovation
Type: Article
Journal: Journal of power sources
Volume: 656
ISSN: 0378-7753
Publication date: 07.08.2025
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Sustainable Development Goals: SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.237857 (Access: Closed )